• Calculating the real return of the Norwegian Government Pension Fund Global by alternative measures of the deflator 

      Benedictow, Andreas; Boug, Pål (Discussion papers;775, Working paper, 2014-04)
      According to the present guidelines for fiscal policy, the use of oil revenues in the Norwegian economy should over time equal the expected real return on the Government Pension Fund Global (GPFG). An important question ...
    • A calibrated imputation method for secondary data analysis of survey data 

      Da Silva, Damiao N; Zhang, Li-Chun (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2019-11-21)
      In practical survey sampling, missing data are unavoidable due to nonresponse, rejected observations by editing, disclosure control, or outlier suppression. We propose a calibrated imputation approach so that valid point ...
    • Camping i Norge 1984-1994 

      Lystad, Jan-Erik (Rapporter;1995/17, Report, 1995)
    • Can a carbon permit system reduce Spanish unemployment? 

      Fæhn, Taran; Gómez-Plana, Antonio G.; Kverndokk, Snorre (Discussion Papers;No. 410, Working paper, 2005)
      Abstract: This paper addresses the frequently articulated worry for the unemployment impacts of abating CO2 emissions. The Spanish economy is ridden by unemployment rates well above the EU average. At the same time the ...
    • Can a cash transfer to families change fertility behaviour? 

      Andersen, Synøve Nygaard; Drange, Nina; Lappegård, Trude (Discussion papers;800, Working paper, 2015-02)
      This paper assesses the relationship between cash transfers to families and subsequent childbearing. We take advantage of a cash-for-care (CFC) policy introduced in Norway in 1998, and compare the fertility behaviour of ...
    • Can non-market regulations spur innovations in environmental technologies? A study on firm level patenting 

      Klemetsen, Marit Elisabeth; Bye, Brita; Raknerud, Arvid (Discussion papers;754, Working paper, 2013-09)
      This paper provides new evidence on the role of non-market based (“command-and-control”) regulations in relation to innovations in environmental technologies. While pricing is generally considered the first-best policy ...
    • Can the child penalty be reduced? - Evaluating multiple policy interventions 

      Andresen, Martin Eckhoff; Nix, Emily (Discussion Paper;No. 983, Working paper, 2022-07)
      Children cause large earnings drops for mothers but not fathers, a stylized fact known as the “child penalty” that explains a substantial portion of remaining gender income gaps. Can policy reduce the child penalty? We ...
    • Can voluntary product-labeling replace trade bans in the case of GMOs? 

      Greaker, Mads; Chen, Yuyu (Discussion Papers;No. 485, Working paper, 2006)
      Abstract: Genetically modified (GM) food has raised both health-risk fears and environmental concerns. This has led some countries to ban the trade in such food triggering a great deal of controversy among countries. ...
    • Can welfare states outgrow their fiscal sustainability problems? 

      Holmøy, Erling (Discussion Papers;No 487, Working paper, 2006)
      Abstract: The paper analyses the fiscal effects of productivity shifts in the private sector. Within a stylized model with inelastic labour supply, it shows that productivity shifts in sectors producing non-traded goods ...
    • Cap-and-Trade or carbon taxes? The feasibility of enforcement and the effects of non-compliance 

      Hovi, Jon; Holtsmark, Bjart (Discussion Papers;No. 436, Working paper, 2005)
      Abstract: One of the proposed alternatives to Kyoto’s cap-and-trade approach is a regime based on an internationally harmonized carbon tax. In this paper, we consider and compare the enforcement problems associated with ...
    • Capacity utilization in a generalized Malmquist index including environmental factors : a decompostion analysis 

      Bye, Torstein; Bruvoll, Annegrete; Larsson, Jan (Discussion Papers;No. 473, Working paper, 2006)
      Abstract: Productivity measures ignoring environmental effects may give misleading information on total productivity growth. Further, business cycles in the form of capacity utilization may also significantly influence ...
    • Capital costs in municipal school buildings 

      Kalvarskaia, Maria; Langørgen, Audun (Rapporter;2004/9, Report, 2004-05-24)
    • Capturing Key Energy and Emission Trends in CGE models: Assessment of Status and Remaining Challenges 

      Fæhn, Taran; Bachner, Gabriel; Beach, Robert; Chateau, Jean; Fujimori, Shinichiro; Ghosh, Madanmohan; Hamdi-Cherif, Meriem; Lanzi, Elisa; Paltsev, Sergey; Vandyck, Toon; Cunha, Bruno; Garaffa, Rafael; Steininger, Karl (Discussion Paper;No. 936, Working paper, 2020-07)
      Limiting global warming in line with the goals in the Paris Agreement will require substantial technological and behavioural transformations. This challenge drives many of the current modelling trends. This article undertakes ...
    • Car Ownership and Private Car Use. A Microeconometric Analysis Based on Norwegian Data 

      Wetterwald, Dag G. (Discussion papers;113, Working paper, 1994-04)
      In this paper we analyze household's car ownership and private car use decisions in a model proposed by de Jong (1990). The model, which incorporates variable and fixed costs of car use, can be used to predict the effects ...
    • Car ownership decisions in Norwegian Households 

      Brendemoen, Anne (Discussion papers;116, Working paper, 1994-05)
      In this paper, household's decisions regarding how many private cars to own are analyzed. The analysis is based on a particular multinominal logit type formulation that is consistent with a Stone-Geary utility function. ...
    • Carbon capture and storage technologies in the European power market 

      Golombek, Rolf; Greaker, Mads; Kittelsen, Sverre A.C.; Røgeberg, Ole; Aune, Finn Roar (Discussion Papers;603, Working paper, 2009)
      We examine the potential of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies in the European electricity markets, assessing whether CCS technologies will reduce carbon emissions substantially in the absence of investment ...
    • Carbon dynamics related to tree planting on new areas in Norway 

      Holtsmark, Bjart (Discussion Papers;No. 848, Working paper, 2016-11-08)
      Extensive tree planting on new areas has been suggested as a climate policy measure in Norway. This paper presents some preliminary calculations related to carbon dynamics of such a measure when the tree planting takes ...
    • Carbon leakage from the clean development mechanism 

      Rosendahl, Knut Einar; Strand, Jon (Discussion Papers;591, Working paper, 2009)
      The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is an offset mechanism designed to reduce the overall cost of implementing a given target for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in industrialized Annex B countries of the Kyoto Protocol, ...
    • Carbon sequestration potential and the multiple functions of Nordic grasslands 

      Norderhaug, Ann; Clemmensen, Karina E.; Kardol, Paul; Thorhallsdottir, Anna; Aslaksen, Iulie (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2023)
      Grasslands are important carbon sinks, but the underlying processes for their soil carbon sequestration potential are still not well understood, despite much attention given to this topic. In Europe, grasslands, especially ...
    • Carbon taxes and the petroleum wealth 

      Rosendahl, Knut Einar (Discussion Papers;No. 128, Working paper, 1994)
      The aim of this paper is to examine the impacts of a global carbon tax on fossil fuel markets. In particular, the effect on the Norwegian, as well as the global, petroleum wealth is studied. Most empirical models of fossil ...