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    • Net national product as a welfare indicator 

      Brekke, Kjell Arne (Discussion Paper;No. 65, Working paper, 1991-10)
      Weitzman (1976) claimed that in the case of linear utility, NNP ia proportional to welfare, defined as the discounted value of future utility. We first demonstrate that this theory only applies to economies with stationary ...

    • Netback pricing as a remedy for the Russian gas deficit 

      Tsygankova, Marina (Discussion Papers;No. 554, Working paper, 2008)
      Abstract: This descriptive study discusses the effects of increases in domestic gas prices on the Russian gas market. Domestic natural gas prices have remained below their long-run marginal cost for more than a decade ...

    • Networking strategy: Cooperate today in order to meet a cooperator tomorrow 

      Rege, Mari (Discussion Papers;No. 282, Working paper, 2000)
      This paper explains why people might cooperate playing an infinitely recurring prisoners' dilemma in which they change their partner in every period. After two people have played the prisoners' dilemma there is a possibility ...

    • A new approach to estimating private returns to R&D 

      Cappelen, Ådne; Mohnen, Pierre; Raknerud, Arvid; Rybalka, Marina (Discussion Paper;No. 1005, Working paper, 2023-08)
      This paper revisits the estimation of private returns to R&D. In an extension of the standard approach, we allow for endogeneity of production decisions, heterogeneity of R&D elasticities, and asymmetric treatment of ...

    • The New Keynesian Phillips curve : does it fit Norwegian data? 

      Boug, Pål; Cappelen, Ådne; Swensen, Anders Rygh (Discussion Papers;No. 652, Working paper, 2011)
      Abstract: We evaluate the empirical performance of the new Keynesian Phillips curve (NKPC) for a small open economy using cointegrated vector autoregressive models, likelihood based methods and general method of moments. ...

    • No child left behind : universal child care and children's long-run outcomes 

      Havnes, Tarjei; Mogstad, Magne (Discussion Papers;582, Working paper, 2009)
      There is a heated debate in the US and Canada, as well as in many European countries, about a move towards subsidized, universally accessible child care. At the same time, studies on universal child care and child development ...

    • Noisy signals in target zone regimes theory and Monte Carlo experiments 

      Holden, Steinar; Kolsrud, Dag; Vikøren, Birger (Discussion Papers;No. 160, Working paper, 1995)
      Previous empirical evidence indicates that uncovered interest rate parity (UIP) does not hold for target zone exchange rates, like those in the European Monetary System and in the Nordic countries. We explore a target zone ...

    • Non-Bayesian multiple imputation 

      Bjørnstad, Jan F. (Discussion Papers;No. 421, Working paper, 2005)
      Abstract: Multiple imputation is a method specifically designed for variance estimation in the presence of missing data. Rubin’s combination formula requires that the imputation method is “proper” which essentially means ...

    • Non-convex budget set, hours restriction and labour supply in Sweden 

      Anderson, Irene A. K.; Dagsvik, John K.; Strøm, Steinar; Wennemo, Tom (Discussion Paper;No. 33, Working paper, 1988-05)
      This paper presents the results of a labor supply study based on Swedish labor market data and data from filled-in tax returns. The model is designed to deal with non-convex budget sets (implied by the tax and social ...

    • Non-parametric identication of the mixed proportional hazards model with interval-censored durations 

      Brinch, Christian N. (Discussion Papers;600, Working paper, 2009)
      This note presents identication results for the mixed proportional hazards model when duration data are interval-censored. Earlier positive results on identication under intervalcensoring require both parametric specication ...

    • Non-parametric identification of the mixed hazards model with interval-censored durations 

      Brinch, Christian N. (Discussion Papers;No. 539, Working paper, 2008)
      Abstract: Econometric duration data are typically interval-censored, that is, not directly observed, but observed to fall within a known interval. Known non-parametric identification results for duration models with ...

    • Non-stationary inflow and duration of unemployment 

      Aaberge, Rolf; Wennemo, Tom (Discussion Paper;No. 52, Working paper, 1990-10)
      This paper is concerned with econometric problems and methods involved in estimating duration models using data on incomplete unemployment spells provided by standard labor force surveys. In particular it considers how the ...

    • Non-Tariff barriers - the Achilles' heel of trade policy analyses 

      Fæhn, Taran (Discussion Papers;No. 195, Working paper, 1997)
      This study demonstrates the quantitative, as well as the qualitative, role of non-tariff barriers (NTBs). The Norwegian nominal tariff and non-tariff barriers are identified and thoroughly quantified. Computations of ...

    • Nonparametric identification of discrete choice models 

      Dagsvik, John K. (Discussion Papers;No. 222, Working paper, 1998)
      Abstracts: In this paper we give simple proofs of identification results in discrete choice models for the case where neither the derteministic part nor the distribution function of the random parts of the utility function ...

    • The Norwegian aluminium industry, electricity prices and welfare 

      Klette, Tor Jakob (Discussion Paper;No. 38, Working paper, 1988-10)
      This paper presents a partial equilibrium analysis of the changes in the the Norwegian aluminium industry which would follow if the industry was faced with higher electricity prices. The industry is modelled as an imperfectly ...

    • Norwegian gas sales and the impacts on European CO2 emissions 

      Berg, Elin; Boug, Pål; Kverndokk, Snorre (Discussion Papers;No. 199, Working paper, 1997)
      This paper studies the impacts on Western European CO2 emissions of a reduction in Norwegian gas sales. The impacts are due to changes in energy demand and energy supply, but environmental and political regulations also ...

    • Norwegian pension reform : defined benefit versus defined contribution 

      Fredriksen, Dennis; Stølen, Nils Martin (Discussion Papers;No. 669, Working paper, 2011)
      Abstract: Norway. The new system fulfils several criteria for a defined contribution scheme. Earnings from all years in work count in the accumulation of entitlements, and an actuarial rule converting the final balance ...

    • A note on myopic decision rules in the neoclassical theory of producer behaviour 

      Holmøy, Erling; Olsen, Øystein (Discussion Paper;No. 34, Working paper, 1988-05)
      The paper presents a theoretical framework for analysing investment behaviour in a perfect neoclassical environment. The model distinguishes explicitly between capital units of different age. In coherence with the neoclassical ...

    • A note on the short run versus long run welfare gain from a tax reform 

      Christiansen, Vidar (Discussion Paper;No. 47, Working paper, 1990-02)
      This note discusses the welfare implications of the phenomenon that the long-term response to a tax reform is often much stronger than the impact in the short run. As a polar case a beneficial revenueneutral reform is ...

    • Official forecasts and management of oil windfalls 

      Harding, Torfinn; Ploeg, Frederick van der (Discussion papers (Statistisk sentralbyrå. Forskningsavdelingen);No. 676, Working paper, 2012)
      Official forecasts for oil revenues and the burden of pensioners are used to estimate forward-looking fiscal policy rules for Norway and compared with permanent-income and bird-in-hand rules. The results suggest that ...