Browsing Statistisk sentralbyrå by Document Types "Working paper"

Now showing items 561-580 of 1336

    • Industrial competitiveness and diffusion of new pollution abatement technology – a new look at the Porter-hypothesis 

      Greaker, Mads (Discussion Papers;No. 371, Working paper, 2004)
      We study the relationship between industrial competitiveness, adaption of cleaner production techniques and environmental policy. While other contributions have analyzed environmental innovations with point of departure ...

    • Industrial labor productivities and tariffs in South Africa : identification based on multilateral liberalization reform 

      Harding, Torfinn; Rattsø, Jørn (Discussion Papers;585, Working paper, 2009)
      The analysis of the effect of tariffs for labor productivity faces the challenge of tariff policy endogeneity. Tariff policy is designed to promote economic development and the industrial sector tariff structure may reflect ...

    • Industry restructuring, OPEC response – and oil price formation 

      Aune, Finn Roar; Mohn, Klaus; Osmundsen, Petter; Rosendahl, Knut Einar (Discussion Papers;No. 511, Working paper, 2007)
      Abstract: Increased focus on shareholder returns, capital discipline and return on capital employed (RoACE) caused a slowdown in investment rates and production growth among international oil companies around the turn of ...

    • Inequality and growth in the very long run: Inferring inequality from data on social groups 

      Modalsli, Jørgen (Discussion papers;734, Working paper, 2013-02)
      This paper presents a new method for calculating Gini coefficients from tabulations of the mean income of social classes. Income distribution data from before the Industrial Revolution usually come in the form of such ...

    • The inequality effects of a dual income tax system 

      Lambert, Peter J.; Thoresen, Thor Olav (Discussion Papers;No. 663, Working paper, 2011)
      Abstract: The overall inequality effects of a dual income tax (DIT) system, combining progressive taxation of labor income with proportional taxation of income from capital, are investigated. Simple examples show that ...

    • Inequality in current and lifetime income 

      Aaberge, Rolf; Mogstad, Magne (Discussion papers;726, Working paper, 2012-12)
      Standard theory of intertemporal choice predicts that people smooth out life-cycle changes in income by borrowing and saving, such that their standard of living in any given year depends more on lifetime income than on ...

    • Inequality in distributions of hours of work and consumption in Peru 

      Aaberge, Rolf; Dagsvik, John K. (Discussion Paper;No. 59, Working paper, 1991-02)
      Firstly, this paper examines the relative differences in observed hours of work, consumption (income) and welfare among individuals and households in Peru in 1985-1986. For this purpose a Gini-related measure of inequality ...

    • Inflow uncertainty in hydropower markets 

      Hansen, Petter Vegard (Discussion Papers;No. 520, Working paper, 2007)
      Abstract: In order to analyse the consequences of uncertainty for prices and efficiency in a hydropower system, we apply a two-period model with uncertainty in water inflow. We study three different market structures, ...

    • Initiation into crime : an analysis of Norwegian register data on five birth cohorts 

      Galloway, Taryn Ann; Pudney, Stephen (Discussion Papers;No. 655, Working paper, 2011)
      Abstract: We construct linked register data on five Norwegian birth cohorts, covering: criminal charges after age 15; family characteristics and history up to age 15; and (for males) IQ test scores. A longitudinal analysis ...

    • Innovation and job creation in a small open economy: evidence from Norwegian manufacturing plants 1982-92 

      Klette, Tor Jakob; Førre, Svein Erik (Discussion papers;159, Working paper, 1995-12)
      It is often claimed that the opportunities to create new manufacturing jobs in open, high-cost economies such as Norway, are concentrated in products which are technologically advanced and knowledge intensive. This paper ...

    • Innovative and absorptive capacity effects of education in a small open economy 

      Bye, Brita; Fæhn, Taran (Discussion papers;694, Working paper, 2012-06)
      Evidence points to relatively low supply elasticities for workers skilled for research and development (R&D), which can hamper innovation and growth. Increasing the supply of R&D skills will expand an economy's innovative ...

    • Innvandreres husholdningsstruktur. En studie av ulike definisjoner på en innvandrerhusholdning 

      Andersen, Espen; Falnes-Dalheim, Anders (Notater / Documents;2017/11, Working paper, 2017-02-07)
      Husholdning er en sentral enhet i mange analyser av levekår. Begrepet er viktig fordi det avgrenser grupper med felles økonomi/gjensidig forsørgelse og felles produksjon av konsumgoder. Husholdningen brukes derfor ofte som ...

    • Intergenerational mobility in Norway, 1865-2011 

      Modalsli, Jørgen (Discussion papers;798, Working paper, 2015-02)
      There are large differences in intergenerational mobility between countries. However, little is known about how persistent such differences are, and how they evolve over time. This paper constructs a data set of 835,537 ...

    • Internal labor markets: A worker flow approach 

      Huitfeldt, Ingrid; Kostøl, Andreas Ravndal; Nimczik, Jan; Weber, Andrea (Discussion Paper;No. 961, Working paper, 2021-08)
      This paper develops a new method to study how workers’ career and wage profiles are shaped by internal labor markets (ILM) and job hierarchies in firms. Our paper tackles the conceptual challenge of organizing jobs within ...

    • Internalizing negative environmental impacts from wind power production: Coasian bargaining, offsetting schemes and environmental taxes 

      Greaker, Mads; Hagem, Cathrine; Skulstad, Andreas (Discussion Paper;No. 994, Working paper, 2022-12)
      On the one hand, wind power production is necessary for decarbonizing the electricity sector. On the other hand, we risk replacing one environmental problem with other environmental problems, that is, stopping climate ...

    • International emissions trading in a non-cooperative equilibrium 

      Holtsmark, Bjart; Sommervoll, Dag Einar (Discussion Papers;No. 542, Working paper, 2008)
      Abstract: Linkage of different countries’ domestic permit markets for pollution rights into a single international market alters governments’ incentives, and may trigger adjustments of the number of allocated permits. ...

    • International emissions trading in a noncooperative climate policy game 

      Holtsmark, Bjart; Sommervoll, Dag Einar (Discussion papers;693, Working paper, 2012-06)
      Using a non cooperative climate policy game applied in the literature, we find that an agreement with international emissions trading leads to increased emissions and reduced efficiency.

    • International emissions trading with endogenous taxes 

      Godal, Odd; Holtsmark, Bjart (Discussion Papers;No. 626, Working paper, 2010)
      Abstract: Motivated by the climate problem, this paper examines some effects of international cap & trade when national quotas result from strategic choice. In contrast to the fairly optimistic tone of closely related ...

    • Intertemporal discrete choice, random tastes and functional form 

      Dagsvik, John K. (Discussion Paper;No. 77, Working paper, 1992-11)
      An important problem in the analysis of intertemporal choice processes is to separate the effect of unobserved temporal persistent variables from the influence on preferences from past choice behavior (state dependence). ...

    • Investment and Financial Constraints. An Empirical Analysis of Norwegian Firms 

      Johansen, Frode (Discussion papers;109, Working paper, 1994-02)
      This paper investigates the relationship between a firm's investment decision and its financial situation. We present a model of investment, where the cost of external finance is increasing in the debt ratio. The model is ...