Discussion Papers
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Efficient spatial allocation of wind power plants given environmental externalities due to turbines and grids
(Discussion Paper;No. 938, Working paper, 2020-08)Negative environmental externalities associated with wind power plants depend on the physical characteristics of turbine installations and associated power lines and the geographical siting. We derive analytically an ... -
Testing the rational expectations hypothesis - Using Norwegian microeconomic data
(Discussion Paper;No. 90, Working paper, 1993-10)The rational expectations hypothesis (REH) is tested directly using Norwegian microeconomic data on firms' expectations of the prices of own products in domestic and export markets and expectations of demand for own products ... -
Empirical approaches for analysing consumption and labour supply in a life cycle perspective
(Discussion Paper;No. 95, Working paper, 1993-07)During the last decade several approaches for estimation of structural life cycle models of labour supply and consumption from micro data have been proposed. Ideally, estimation requires complete, individual, life cycle ... -
Work less but stay longer - Mature worker response to a flexibility reform
(Discussion Paper;No. 937, Working paper, 2020-08)Reducing the eligibility age for pension benefits is considered by many as a policy that will discourage labor supply by mature workers. This paper analyzes a recent Norwegian pension reform which effectively lowered the ... -
Is price equal to marginal costs? - An integrated study of price-cost margins and scale economies among Norwegian manufacturing establishments 1975-90
(Discussion Paper;No. 93, Working paper, 1993-07)This paper presents an integrated study of price-cost margins and scale economies. The model is estimated on the basis of a comprehensive data set for individual establishments covering almost the whole Norwegian manufacturing ... -
An empirical life cycle model of savings, labour supply and consumption without intertemporal separability
(Discussion Paper;No. 96, Working paper, 1993-07)This paper formulates and estimates a structural life cycle model of married couples' labour supply and consumption of durables and non-durables. The purpose of this work has been to find a specification of this class of ... -
Coalitions and Side Payments in International CO2 Treaties
(Discussion Paper;No. 97, Working paper, 1993-07)Most numerical studies analysing the costs and benefits of international CO2 emissions abatement assume full cooperation by all countries and regions in the world. Based on the experience from the 1992 Rio conference on ... -
The marginal cost of funds in the presence of external effects
(Discussion Paper;No. 99, Working paper, 1993-08)The Marginal Cost of Funds (MCF) is useful in cost-benefit and tax reform analysis. This paper presents general equilibrium estimates of the MCF in an economy with environmental external effects. Environmental externalities ... -
Labor supply in Italy
(Discussion Paper;No. 92, Working paper, 1993-07)The present study tries to overcome some of the shortcomings of the standard empirical labor supply models by applying an alternative approach which allows for complex non-convex budget sets, highly non-linear labor supply ... -
Choice probabilities and equilibrium conditions in a matching market with flexible contracts
(Discussion Paper;No. 94, Working paper, 1993-08)The purpose of the paper is to develop discrete and continuous probabilistic choice models for a matching market of heterogeneous suppliers and demanders. The point of departure is similar to that of Tinbergen (1956) which ... -
Wage equations in macro models. Phillips curve versus error correction model determination of wages in large-scale UK macro models
(Discussion Paper;No. 98, Working paper, 1993-08)In this article the implications of implementing either a Phillips curve or an Error Correction type of wage equation in macro models are investigated. First the implications in an small theoretical model is studied. ... -
Fiscal expansion, the budget deficit and the economy: Norway 1988-91
(Discussion Paper;No. 91, Working paper, 1993-08)From 1989 fiscal policy in Norway has been expansionary. With the aid of the econometric model MODAG we estimate the size of the change in policy from 1988 to 1991, its final effect on the central government budget, and ... -
The choice of space heating system and energy consumption in Norwegian household
(Discussion Paper;No. 102, Working paper, 1993-12)The procurement of space heating equipment is modelled jointly with the intensity of use. Annualized capital cost ("user cost of capital") is found to have a significant impact on the procurement decision. This impact ... -
Engel functions, panel data, and latent variables - with Detailed Results
(Discussion Paper;No. 89, Working paper, 1993-06)A system of consumer expenditure functions is estimated from Norwegian household budget data. Specific features of the approach are: (i) Panel data from individual households are used, which offer far richer opportunities ... -
Theoretical and econometric modeling of disequilibrium
(Discussion Paper;No. 83, Working paper, 1993-02)This paper surveys some recent work in the theoretical and econometric disequilibrium literature. The first .part of the paper gives an overview of some the main concepts used in the theory of non-Walrasian economics. These ... -
Demographic forecasting with a dynamic stochastic microsimulation model
(Discussion Paper;No. 85, Working paper, 1993-03)This paper summarizes some of the main features of demographic microsimulatiori modeling, including a comparison with other demographic forecasting techniques. It also presents a dynamic stochastic microsimulation model, ... -
Carbon/energy taxes and the energy market in Western Europe
(Discussion Paper;No. 81, Working paper, 1993-02)The paper analyzes carbon taxes as proposed by the EC in a multisector energy demand model of nine West-European countries. The simulations show that the taxes are insufficient to stabilize CO2 emissons. Furthermore the ... -
Unemployment and the growth in the number of recipients of disability benefits in Norway
(Discussion Paper;No. 82, Working paper, 1993-03)The paper contains an analysis of factors behind the increases in the number of disability recipients in Norway. Entry rate functions for disability benefit are estimated using grouped time series data for entry rates by ... -
Do cost-benefit analyses favour environmentalists?
(Discussion Paper;No. 84, Working paper, 1993-02)Money and environmental quality units are considered as unit for aggregating willingness to pay. For those with a high willingness to pay for environmental quality, the choice of money as aggregation unit is most favourable. ... -
Tax reforms when utility is composed of additive functions
(Discussion Paper;78, Working paper, 1993-01)The paper discusses how a tax reform should be designed when utility can be written as additive, separable in an additive sub function, or nested additive. General characterization results can be simplified considerably ...
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