Discussion Papers
Recent Submissions
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Emission pricing and CO2 compensation in the EU. The optimal compensation to the power-intensive and trade-exposed industries for increased electricity prices
(Discussion Paper;No. 1008, Working paper, 2023-10-26)Unilateral CO2 emission reduction can lead to carbon leakage, such as relocation of power-intensive and trade-exposed industries. In the EU emission trading system, these industries are also subjected to higher cost of ... -
To what extent are temperature levels changing due to greenhouse gas emissions?
(Discussion Paper;No. 1007, Working paper, 2023-09-25)Weather and temperatures vary in ways that are difficult to explain and predict precisely. In this article we review data on temperature variations in the past as well possible reasons for these variations. Subsequently, ... -
Long-term effects of school spending. Evidence from exiting cohort size variation
(Discussion Paper;No. 1006, Working paper, 2023-08)This paper investigates the long-term effects of local government education spending on child outcomes, including income, educational attainment, and family formation in adulthood. We propose a novel identification ... -
Reconciling estimates of the long-term earnings effect of fertility
(Discussion Paper;No. 1004, Working paper, 2023-08)This paper presents novel methodological and empirical contributions to the child penalty literature. We propose a new estimator that combines elements from standard event study and instrumental variable estimators and ... -
A new approach to estimating private returns to R&D
(Discussion Paper;No. 1005, Working paper, 2023-08)This paper revisits the estimation of private returns to R&D. In an extension of the standard approach, we allow for endogeneity of production decisions, heterogeneity of R&D elasticities, and asymmetric treatment of ... -
Emission regulation: Prices, quantities and hybrids with endogenous technology choice
(Discussion Paper;No. 1003, Working paper, 2023-06)This paper examines the investment incentives of market-based regulation, with focus on the technology characteristics the different regulatory schemes tend to incentivize. The firms' technology choice is socially optimal ... -
Taxation of the rich and incentives for investments. The case of Norway
(Discussion Paper;No. 1001, Working paper, 2023-05)Taxation of capital income and wealth redistributes from the rich but may harm the Norwegian economy as business investments is distorted. This study shows how to redistribute from the richest without distorting investment ... -
Taxation of the rich and the cost of raising tax revenue
(Discussion Paper;No. 1002, Working paper, 2023-05)Taxation of capital income and wealth designed to redistribute from the rich may harm small open economies with a globalized capital market as investments are distorted. This study shows that raising tax revenue by taxing ... -
Controlling for fixed effects in studies of income underreporting
(Discussion Paper;No. 1000, Working paper, 2023-05)The expenditure method of Pissarides and Weber (1989) [Journal of Public Economics, 39 (1), 17- 32) shows how one backs out measure of income underreporting by the self-employed by using food consumption as trace of true ... -
Moving beyond expectations. From cohort-component to microsimulation projections
(Discussion Paper;No. 999, Working paper, 2023-03)Population projections are predominantly made using the cohort-component method (CCM). The opportunities for further development within that framework are limited. Lately, with advances in technical and computational ... -
The importance of escape clauses: Firm response to thin capitalization rules
(Discussion Paper;No. 998, Working paper, 2023-02)Escape clauses, where small firms are exempt from particular tax rules, is a crucial feature of a number of corporate tax schemes, but creates incentives to avoid taxation by manipulating the measures that determine ... -
A probabilistic forecast of the immigrant population of Norway
(Discussion Paper;996, Working paper, 2023-01)We present a probabilistic forecast for the immigrant population of Norway and their Norwegian-born children (“second generation”) broken down by age, sex, and three types of country background: 1. West European countries ... -
The cash-for-care reform and immigrant fertility: fewer babies of poorer families?
(Discussion Paper;No. 993, Working paper, 2022-12)Cash-for care policies are contested in many contexts, as they represent an incentive for childrearing over work that may reduce labour market participation, especially among immigrant women. From 1 July 2017, immigrants ... -
Internalizing negative environmental impacts from wind power production: Coasian bargaining, offsetting schemes and environmental taxes
(Discussion Paper;No. 994, Working paper, 2022-12)On the one hand, wind power production is necessary for decarbonizing the electricity sector. On the other hand, we risk replacing one environmental problem with other environmental problems, that is, stopping climate ... -
Spatial trade-offs in national landbased wind power production in times of biodiversity and climate crises
(Discussion Paper;No. 992, Working paper, 2022-10)Energy generated from land-based wind power is expected to play a crucial role in the decarbonisation of the economy. With the looming biodiversity and nature crises, spatial allocation of wind power cannot, however, any ... -
Directed technical change and the resource curse
(Discussion Paper;No. 991, Working paper, 2022-09)The "resource curse" is a potential threat to all countries relying on export income from abundant natural resources such as fossil fuels. The early literature hypothesized that easily accessible natural resources would ... -
Social security pension generosity and the effect on household saving
(Discussion Paper;No. 989, Working paper, 2022-09)This paper examines the substitution between pension wealth and household saving by studying Norway’s 2011 pension reform. The analysis identifies the effect of reductions in social security pension generosity on household ... -
Structural break in the Norwegian LFS due to the 2021 redesign
(Discussion Paper;No. 987, Working paper, 2022-08)The labour force surveys (LFSs) on all Eurostat countries underwent a substantial redesign in January 2021. To ensure coherent labour market time series for the main indicators in the Norwegian LFS, we model the impact ... -
Gender or class – What determines voting? Lessons from expanding the suffrage in early 1900s Norway
(Discussion Paper;No. 988, Working paper, 2022-09)Previous literature has found that extending the suffrage to both females and poorer voters increases the supply of public goods. This paper investigates whether the difference in voting between men and women can be ... -
Dynamics of first-time patenting firms
(Discussion Paper;No. 986, Working paper, 2022-08)This paper investigates firm dynamics in the period before, during, and after an event consisting of a first published patent application. The analysis is based on patent data from the Norwegian Industrial Property Office ...
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