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Regulation in the presence of adjustment costs and resource scarcity: transition dynamics and intertemporal effects
(Discussion Papers;No. 864, Working paper, 2017-09-20)Announcement of future environmental regulation is likely to reduce current emissions in the combined presence of resource scarcity and adjustment costs. This contrasts with the results in the literature on the green ... -
Relationship quality in Europe
(Discussion Papers;633, Working paper, 2010)In this study, we utilize data from the first wave of the Generations and Gender Surveys to investigate relationship quality among currently married and cohabiting individuals aged 18 to 55 (N = 41, 666) in eight European ... -
Removing policy based comparative advantage for energy intensive production. Necessary adjustments of the real exchange rate and industry structure
(Discussion Papers;No. 462, Working paper, 2006)Abstract: National and international expansion of transmission networks and diminishing returns to scale in hydropower capacity expansion has raised the opportunity cost of electricity. The resulting changes in comparative ... -
Residential end-use electricity demand. Development over time
(Discussion papers;736, Working paper, 2013-04)It is costly and difficult to meter electricity consumption for different end uses, e.g. space heating, lighting and household appliances. We deduce a model for using cross-sectional data for total annual electricity ... -
Residential energy consumption for space heating in Norwegian households : a discrete-continuous choice approach
(Discussion Papers;No. 231, Working paper, 1998)In this paper the demand for space heating energy is estimated by using a discrete-continuous choice model which focuses on the relationship between the choice of heating equipment and energy consumption. The model is ... -
Residential energy efficiency and European carbon policies: A CGE-analysis with bottom-up information on energy efficiency technologies
(Discussion papers;817, Working paper, 2015-08)While the introduction and reformation of climate policy instruments take place rapidly in Europe, the knowledge on how the instruments interact lags behind. In this paper we analyse different interpretations of the 2030 ... -
The resource rent in Norwegian aquaculture 1984-2020: Calculations applying the National Accounts
(Discussion Paper;No. 962, Working paper, 2021-08)Extraordinarily high returns in a sector based on the extraction of a natural resource can be referred to as resource rents. This study uses the National Accounts and the definitions of the System of Environmental-Economic ... -
Resource Rent in Norwegian Fisheries: Trends and policies
(Discussion papers;No. 827, Working paper, 2015-11)A nation’s natural-resources wealth can be estimated via the System of National Accounts (SNA). Because the values of all parameters entering the calculation are conditional on the existing management regime, the optimal ... -
Retirement behavior of working couples in Norway. A dynamic programming approach
(Discussion Papers;No. 405, Working paper, 2005)Abstract: This paper aims to provide an empirical analysis of the joint retirement behavior of working couples in Norway. A dynamic programming model is specified and estimated on micro data. The estimation results show ... -
Returns to public R&D grants and subsidies
(Discussion papers;740, Working paper, 2013-05)We address the question of whether the returns to R&D differ between R&D projects funded by public grants and R&D in general. To answer this question, we use a flexible production function that distinguishes between different ... -
Returns to publicly owned transport infrastructure investment. A cost function/cost share approach for Norway, 1971-1991
(Discussion papers;154, Working paper, 1995-09)An issue of major concern to politicians and policy-makers around the world today is whether transport infrastructure investments, such as those in roads and airports, generate enough economic benefits to justify their ... -
Revealed standards for distributing public home-care on clients
(Discussion Papers;No. 288, Working paper, 2000)Abstract: When private goods are publicly provided at subsidized prices, government authorities have to determine the distribution of services on recipients. Such distributions are commonly based on legal regulations and ... -
Revealing demand for nature experience using purchase data of equipment and lodging
(Discussion Papers;No. 305, Working paper, 2001)Abstract: In 1967, John Krutilla suggested a relationship between car camping, canoe cruising, and cross-country skiing and induced demand for wild, primitive, and wilderness-related opportunities. Here, the time trend ... -
Revenue functions and Dupuit curves for indirect taxes with cross-border shopping
(Discussion Papers;573, Working paper, 2009)The partial revenue from each indirect tax and the total revenue from all indirect taxes on consumer goods are derived as functions of all commodity prices, the tax rates of each commodity, total expenditure and demographic ... -
Revisions in the Norwegian National Accounts: Accuracy, unbiasedness and efficiency in preliminary figures
(Discussion Paper;No. 924, Working paper, 2020-03)This paper investigates the quality of preliminary figures in the Norwegian national accounts. To address the problem of few observations in such analyses, we use some recently developed system tests. Preliminary figures ... -
Richer and cleaner - at others' expense?
(Discussion Papers;No. 477, Working paper, 2006)Abstract: Pollution intensive production can be avoided domestically by increased imports and less exports of dirty products. Such trade effects may imply more emissions abroad, or pollution leakages. We study whether ... -
Rising inequality of housing? : evidence from segmented housing price indices
(Discussion Papers;No. 363, Working paper, 2003)Abstract: This article uses the Case-Shiller technique for constructing housing price indices on a Norwegian data set of transactions for the period 1991-2002 consisting of 10 376 pairs of repeated sales. Using a weighted ... -
The road to a low emission society: Costs of interacting climate regulations
(Discussion Paper;No. 972, Working paper, 2021-12)Transportation is one of the main contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. Climate regulations on transportation are often a mix of sector-specific regulations and economy-wide measures (such as emission pricing). In this ... -
Robust inequality comparisons
(Discussion Papers;No. 623, Working paper, 2010)Abstract: This paper is concerned with the problem of ranking Lorenz curves in situations where the Lorenz curves intersect and no unambiguous ranking can be attained without introducing weaker ranking criteria than ... -
Robustness of the Norwegian wage formation system and free EU labour movement: Evidence from wage data for natives
(Discussion Paper;No. 895, Working paper, 2019-02-05)Norway experienced a high immigration flow after the EEA directive in 2004 stating workers right to free movement within the European Union and EEA-countries. There is no clear consensus in the literature on how immigration ...