Blar i Discussion Papers på tittel
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Import price formation and pricing to market: A test on Norwegian data
(Discussion Papers;No. 157, Working paper, 1995)This paper investigates the determinants of Norwegian import prices of manufactures over the period 1970(1) - 1991(4). Multivariate cointegration analysis establishes a long-run relationship between import prices, foreign ... -
The importance of escape clauses: Firm response to thin capitalization rules
(Discussion Paper;No. 998, Working paper, 2023-02)Escape clauses, where small firms are exempt from particular tax rules, is a crucial feature of a number of corporate tax schemes, but creates incentives to avoid taxation by manipulating the measures that determine ... -
Improving educational pathways to social mobility. Evidence from Norway’s “Reform 94”
(Discussion papers;916, Working paper, 2019-09)High school vocational education has a controversial history in the United States, largely due to a perceived tradeoff between teaching readily deployable occupational skills versus shunting mostly disadvantaged students ... -
Imputing consumption from Norwegian income and wealth registry data
(Discussion Papers;No. 831, Working paper, 2015-12-15)This paper documents a method for computing a longitudinal consumption measure for Norwegian households from administrative records of income and wealth. Data on consumption expenditure of the household is essential in ... -
Incentives and quota prices in an emission trading scheme with updating
(Discussion Papers;No. 495, Working paper, 2007)Abstract: Emission trading schemes where allocations are based on updated baseline emissions give firms less incentives to reduce emissions. Nevertheless, according to Böhringer and Lange (2005a), such allocation schemes ... -
Incentives for merger in a noncompetitive permit market
(Discussion Papers;No. 568, Working paper, 2008)Abstract: A group of small competitive permits traders facing an imperfectly competitive permit market may consider cooperation (merger) to act strategically in the permit market. It is a well-known result in the literature ... -
Incentives to invest in abatement technology : a tax versus emissions trading under imperfect competition
(Discussion Papers;606, Working paper, 2010)In the longer run, effects on R&D and the implementation of advanced abatement technology may be at least as important as short-run cost effectiveness when we evaluate public environmental policy. In this paper, we show ... -
Income inequality and income mobility in the Scandinavian countries compared to the United States
(Discussion Papers;No. 168, Working paper, 1996)This paper compares income inequality and income mobility in the Scandinavian countries and the United States during the 1980's. The results demonstrate that inequality is greater in the United States than in the Scandinavian ... -
Income mobility as an equalizer of permanent income
(Discussion papers;769, Working paper, 2014-01)Do market-orientated economies with relatively large cross-sectional levels of inequality have higher income mobility and therefore less permanent inequality? To answer this question, we introduce a formal representation ... -
Income responses to tax changes : evidence from the Norwegian tax reform
(Discussion Papers;No. 260, Working paper, 1999)Several studies, conducted on U.S. data, have found rather strong income responses to changes in marginal tax rates, when treating tax reforms as "natural experiments" and applying the differences-of-differences estimator ... -
Income taxation, tuition subsidies, and choice of occupation
(Discussion Papers;No. 459, Working paper, 2006)Abstract: Differentiated tax rates on labor and capital income are found to be optimal in this study, where agents choose occupation based on lifetime income net of tuition costs. Efficient revenue raising in a case ... -
Incomes policies and the Norwegian economy 1973-93
(Discussion Papers;No. 192, Working paper, 1997)During the second half of the 1970s there was massive government interference in wage and price formation in Norway. Incomes policies changed in the first half of the 1980s - the hey days of "dynamic tax policies" in Norway ... -
Increased price markup from union coordination : OECD panel evidence
(Discussion Papers;No. 470, Working paper, 2006)Abstract: Existing literature have focused on the influence of institutional factors on wage determination when explaining the prolonged cross-country differences in unemployment. Although coordination of wage bargaining ... -
Increasingly stable or more stressful? Children and union dissolution across four decades: Evidence from Norway
(Discussion papers;814, Working paper, 2015-07)This study describes the association between having children and the risk of union disruption, and whether this association has changed over time. We expand upon previous research by including data on cohabiting as well ... -
Indirect inference methods for stochastic volatility models based on non-Gaussian Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes
(Discussion Papers;601, Working paper, 2009)This paper aims to develop new methods for statistical inference in a class of stochastic volatility models for financial data based on non-Gaussian Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) processes. Our approach uses indirect inference ... -
Indirect social sanctions from monetarily unaffected strangers in a public good game
(Discussion Papers;No. 359, Working paper, 2003)Abstract: Several economists have maintained that social sanctions can enforce cooperation in public good situations. This experimental study investigates whether indirect social sanctions from monetarily unaffected ... -
Individual heterogeneity and price responses in tobacco consumption : a two-commodity analysis of unbalanced panel data
(Discussion Papers;No. 294, Working paper, 2001)Abstract: The paper presents a panel data analysis of tobacco demand. The purpose is threefold: (i) to measure income, own-price, and cross-price responses for two tobacco commodities: cigarettes and handrolling tobacco, ... -
Industrial competitiveness and diffusion of new pollution abatement technology – a new look at the Porter-hypothesis
(Discussion Papers;No. 371, Working paper, 2004)We study the relationship between industrial competitiveness, adaption of cleaner production techniques and environmental policy. While other contributions have analyzed environmental innovations with point of departure ... -
Industrial labor productivities and tariffs in South Africa : identification based on multilateral liberalization reform
(Discussion Papers;585, Working paper, 2009)The analysis of the effect of tariffs for labor productivity faces the challenge of tariff policy endogeneity. Tariff policy is designed to promote economic development and the industrial sector tariff structure may reflect ... -
Industry restructuring, OPEC response – and oil price formation
(Discussion Papers;No. 511, Working paper, 2007)Abstract: Increased focus on shareholder returns, capital discipline and return on capital employed (RoACE) caused a slowdown in investment rates and production growth among international oil companies around the turn of ...