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    • Modelling OPEC behaviour. Theory and evidence 

      Boug, Pål; Cappelen, Ådne; Swensen, Anders Rygh (Discussion Papers;No. 843, Working paper, 2016-07-01)
      We analyse the behaviour of OPEC as a group for the period 1992 to 2015 by formulating a model that encompasses several of the alternatives discussed in the literature. There is no consensus in the literature on how ...

    • Modelling the demand for imports and domestic output 

      Naug, Bjørn E. (Discussion Papers;No. 243, Working paper, 1999)
      The paper models domestic output over imports in Norway’s expenditure on manufactures. Using Johansen’s (1988, 1991) method, we obtain a cointegrating vector between the output-imports ratio, relative prices and a proxy ...

    • Modelling the heuristic dynamics of the wage and price curve model of equilibrium unemployment 

      Kolsrud, Dag; Nymoen, Ragnar (Discussion Papers;671, Working paper, 2012)
      A standard model of equilibrium unemployment consists of static equations for real wage ambitions (wage curve) and real wage scope (price curve), which jointly determine the NAIRU. The heuristics of the model states that ...

    • Modelling ‘crime-proneness’ : a comparison of models for repeated count outcomes 

      Skarðhamar, Torbjørn; Schweder, Tore; Schweder, Simen Gan (Discussion Papers;611, Working paper, 2010)
      In the criminal career literature, the individual-level age-crime relationship is commonly modelled using generalized linear mixed models, where between-individual heterogeneity is then handled through specifying random ...

    • A modification of Heckman's two stage estimation procedure that is applicable when the budget set is convex 

      Dagsvik, John K. (Discussion Paper;No. 28, Working paper, 1987-12)
      The paper develops a simple estimation procedure for a labor supply model with non-linear convex budget set. The procedure is an extension of Heckman's two stage method. The asymptotic properties of the estimators are derived.

    • Monetary aspects of business cycles in Norway: an exploratory study based on historical data 

      Klette, Tor Jakob (Discussion papers;130, Working paper, 1994-10)
      Hall's (1988) approach to study price-cost margins is adapted to simultaneously estimate price-cost margins and scale economies from a panel of plant level data. The paper shows how this methodology provides a very flexible ...

    • Monetary aspects of business cycles in Norway: an exploratory study based on historical data 

      Grünfeld, Leo A. (Discussion papers;131, Working paper, 1994-10)
      Based on the methodology developed by Hodrick & Prescott (1980), it is shown that monetary activity in Norway by no means obeys the cyclical pa tterns described by Lucas (1983). By constructing annual time series covering ...

    • Monitoring and enforcement of environmental regulations. Lessons from a natural field experiment in Norway 

      Telle, Kjetil (Discussion Papers;680, Working paper, 2012)
      Relying on a small natural field experiment with random assignment of treatments, I estimate effects of three core elements of most monitoring and enforcement practices: self-reporting, audit frequency and specific deterrence. ...

    • Monopolistic competition, resource allocation and the effects of industrial policy 

      Hægeland, Torbjørn (Discussion Papers;No. 161, Working paper, 1996)
      An indicator of allocation effects of industrial policy is derived from a theoretical framework of monopolistic competition. The indicator gives a qualitative picture of how industrial policy affects industry structure and ...

    • More on testing exact rational expectations in cointegrated vector autoregressive models : restricted drift terms 

      Johansen, Søren; Swensen, Anders Rygh (Discussion Papers;No. 348, Working paper, 2003)
      Abstract: In this note we consider testing of a type of linear restrictions implied by rational expectations hypotheses in a cointegrated vector autoregressive model for I(1) variables when there in addition is a restriction ...

    • More realistic estimates of revenue changes from tax cuts 

      Thoresen, Thor Olav; Aasness, Jørgen; Jia, Zhiyang (Discussion Papers;No. 545, Working paper, 2008)
      Abstract: Procedures of revenue estimation of changes in the personal income tax are discussed. Using revenue estimates of the 2006 tax cuts in the personal income tax in Norway as an example, we show that estimates of ...

    • Mortality shifts and mortality compression. The case of Norway, 1900-2060 

      Keilman, Nico; Pham, Dinh Quang; Syse, Astri (Discussion Papers;No. 884, Working paper, 2018-09-13)
      The aim of the paper is to verify whether the projections predict a continuation of the ongoing compression in mortality and of the steady upward shift in the ages at which people die. Historically, official Norwegian ...

    • Mortality, fertility and old age care in a two-sex growth model 

      Andreassen, Leif (Discussion Papers;No. 378, Working paper, 2004)
      Abstract: The paper discusses the importance of decreasing mortality in explaining demographic change over the last century. A two-sex overlapping generations model is used where care both for children and the elderly ...

    • Mother's employment and fertility in Norway 

      Gerster, Mette; Lappegård, Trude (Discussion Papers;No. 624, Working paper, 2010)
      Abstract: This paper concerns the effect of employment status on second- and third-birth intensities for Norwegian mothers in the period 1994-2002. Due to unobserved heterogeneity possibly affecting both the birth and the ...

    • Moving beyond expectations. From cohort-component to microsimulation projections 

      Jia, Zhiyang; Leknes, Stefan; Løkken, Sturla A. (Discussion Paper;No. 999, Working paper, 2023-03)
      Population projections are predominantly made using the cohort-component method (CCM). The opportunities for further development within that framework are limited. Lately, with advances in technical and computational ...

    • MPC heterogeneity and household balance sheets 

      Fagereng, Andreas; Holm, Martin B.; Natvik, Gisle J. (Discussion Papers;No. 852, Working paper, 2016-11-16)
      Using Norwegian administrative data, we study how sizable lottery prizes affect household expenditure and savings. Expenditure responses (MPCs) spike in the year of winning, with a mean estimate of 0.35, and thereafter ...

    • The multi-sectoral growth model MSG-4 : formal structure and empirical characteristics 

      Longva, Svein; Olsen, Øystein; Lorentsen, Lorents (Discussion Paper;No. 8, Working paper, 1985)
      In the first part of this paper a brief retrospective survey of the development of the MSG model is given, from it was first presented in Johansen (1960) until the present version MSG-4. Some principal choices to be ...

    • Multidimensional poverty and inequality 

      Aaberge, Rolf; Brandolini, Andrea (Discussion papers;792, Working paper, 2014-12)
      This paper examines different approaches to the measurement of multidimensional inequality and poverty. First, it outlines three aspects preliminary to any multidimensional study: the selection of the relevant dimensions; ...

    • Multigenerational persistence: Evidence from 146 years of administrative data 

      Modalsli, Jørgen (Discussion Papers;No. 850, Working paper, 2016-11-21)
      This paper uses Norwegian census data on occupational associations among grandfathers, fathers and sons from 1865 to 2011 and finds significant grandparental influence throughout the period. There is increasing evidence ...

    • Multinomial choice and selectivity 

      Dagsvik, John K. (Discussion Papers;No 264, Working paper, 2000)
      In this paper we discuss two types of selection problems. The first problem is motivated by labor market analyses such as the estimation of sector-specific wage equations where the sector for which the wages are observed ...