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Understanding rig rates
(Discussion papers;696, Working paper, 2012-06)We examine the largest cost component in offshore development projects, drilling rates, which have been high in recent years. To our knowledge, rig rates have not been analysed empirically before in the economic literature. ... -
Understanding the positive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on women’s fertility in Norway
(Discussion Paper;No. 979, Working paper, 2022-05)This study examines the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on fertility in Norway at the individual level. Studies using data at the macro level have found a positive short-term effect of the pandemic on fertility level in ... -
Understanding the productivity slowdown The importance of entry and exit of workers
(Discussion papers;818, Working paper, 2015-09)Many OECD countries have experienced a slowdown in measured labour productivity from 2005 and onwards. Norway is no exception in this respect. Most countries use a simple aggregate of hours worked when measuring labour ... -
Unemployment and the growth in the number of recipients of disability benefits in Norway
(Discussion Paper;No. 82, Working paper, 1993-03)The paper contains an analysis of factors behind the increases in the number of disability recipients in Norway. Entry rate functions for disability benefit are estimated using grouped time series data for entry rates by ... -
Unemployment shocks and income distribution : how did the Nordic countries fare during their crises?
(Discussion Papers;No. 201, Working paper, 1997)We analyse how inequality of disposable income evolved in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden during the late 1980s and early 1990s when unemployment rose dramatically in all four countries. We find that a standard measure ... -
Union dissolution and childlessness: New insights from sequence analysis
(Discussion papers;823, Working paper, 2015-10)This study investigates how the association between union dissolution and childlessness depends on life course context. Data on union histories and fertility are taken from the Norwegian GGS. To observe union histories up ... -
Unit roots, polynomial transformations and the environmental Kuznets curve
(Discussion Papers;No. 443, Working paper, 2006)Abstract: Time-series regressions including non-linear transformations of an integrated variable are not uncommon in various fields of economics. In particular, within the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) literature, ... -
A unit-error theory for register-based household statistics
(Discussion Papers;598, Working paper, 2009)The next round of census will be completely register-based in all the Nordic countries. Household is a key statistical unit in this context, which however does not exist as such in the administrative registers available, ... -
Universal child care and inequality of opportunity Descriptive findings from Norway
(Rapporter;No. 880, Working paper, 2018-07-25)Encouraging effects from random assignments of intensive and high-quality early child care to disadvantaged children have spurred hopes that publicly funded universal child care can improve human development and social ... -
Unobserved heterogeneity in models of marriage dissolution
(Discussion Paper;No. 42, Working paper, 1989-02)The goal of this paper is to examine the impact of unobserved heterogeneity when analysing the determinants of marriage dissolution. In the present analysis the parameter estimates of the explanatory variables appear to ... -
Untraditional caring arrangments among parents living apart : the case of Norway
(Discussion Papers;No. 660, Working paper, 2011)Abstract: In spite of more symmetric parental roles in couples, shared residence is still practiced by a minority of parents following partnership dissolution in Norway, and the same is true for father sole custody. Utilising ... -
Untraditional couples in a neo-traditional setting : which women perform as much paid work as their partner?
(Discussion Papers;607, Working paper, 2010)An equal division of paid and unpaid work is a central political ambition in Norway. Yet, couples’ division of paid work has been less studied than their division of unpaid work. This paper shows that women seldom work ... -
Urban Green. Integrating ecosystem extent and condition as a basis for ecosystem accounts. Examples from the Oslo region
(Discussion Paper;No. 941, Working paper, 2020-11)The article enhances the knowledge base for assessment of urban ecosystem services, within UN System of Environmental-Economic Accounting Experimental Ecosystem Accounting (SEEA EEA), which is based on spatial extent ... -
Use of macroeconomic models in analysis of environmental problems in Norway and consequences for environmental statistics
(Discussion Paper;No. 61, Working paper, 1991-03)This paper starts with a brief summary of the development of resource accounting in Norway. Section 2 is on the development of the analytical tools used in Norway for studies of interactions between economic activity and ... -
Use of wood fuels from boreal forests will create a biofuel carbon debt with long payback time
(Discussion Papers;637, Working paper, 2010)Owing to the extensive critique of food-crop-based biofuels, attention and hopes have turned toward second-generation wood-based biofuels. An important question is therefore whether wood from boreal forests could serve as ... -
Using common factors to identify substitution possibilities in a factor demand system with technological changes
(Discussion Papers;No. 849, Working paper, 2016-11-16)In this paper, I investigate the importance of taking account of technological changes by allowing for different kinds of common factors, both within and between industries. I apply a common factor approach to identifying ... -
Using Engel curves to estimate purchasing power parity : a case study of the computation of the exchange rate between the Norwegian krone and the U.S. dollar
(Discussion Papers;580, Working paper, 2009)Standard practice of estimating purchasing power parities (PPP) involves using prices, in domestic currencies, of a common basket of goods and services, then calculating the price-equalizing exchange rate. In this article, ... -
Using the Helmert-transformation to reduce dimensionality in a mixed model: An application to a wage equation with worker and firm heterogeneity
(Discussion Papers;No. 667, Working paper, 2011)Abstract: A model for matched data with two types of unobserved heterogeneity is considered – one related to the observation unit, the other to units to which the observation units are matched. One or both of the unobserved ... -
Utilitarism, Equivalence Scales and Logarithmic Utility
(Discussion papers;118, Working paper, 1994-05)It is shown that if social welfare is the sum of logarithmic utility function, the optimal income distribution and the welfare effect of any income redistribution is independent of the equivalence scales. In optimum all ... -
Utility of income as a random function : behavioral characterization and empirical evidence
(Discussion Papers;No. 431, Working paper, 2005)Abstract: The paper proposes a particular approach to model the utility of income. We develop a theoretical framework that restricts the class of admissible functional forms and distributions of the random components ...