Browsing Discussion Papers by Author "Bye, Brita"
Now showing items 1-20 of 22
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A dynamic equilibrium analysis of a carbon tax
Bye, Brita (Discussion papers;145, Working paper, 1995-06)This paper analyses the effects of a carbon tax on a small open petroleum producing economy, using an aggregate intertemporal general equilibrium model with differentiated products. The long run effects on welfare and ... -
Alternative designs for tariffs on embodied carbon. A global cost-effectiveness analysis
Böhringer, Christoph; Bye, Brita; Fæhn, Taran; Rosendahl, Knut Einar (Discussion Papers;682, Working paper, 2012)In the absence of effective world-wide cooperation to curb global warming, import tariffs on embodied carbon have been proposed as a potential supplement to unilateral emissions pricing. We systematically consider alternative ... -
Can non-market regulations spur innovations in environmental technologies? A study on firm level patenting
Klemetsen, Marit Elisabeth; Bye, Brita; Raknerud, Arvid (Discussion papers;754, Working paper, 2013-09)This paper provides new evidence on the role of non-market based (“command-and-control”) regulations in relation to innovations in environmental technologies. While pricing is generally considered the first-best policy ... -
Dynamic equilibrium adjustments to a terms of trade disturbance
Bye, Brita; Holmøy, Erling (Discussion Paper;No. 72, Working paper, 1992-05)This paper investigates how a fall in the price of imports will have dynamic effects in an open economy. We analyse the effects within an aggregated intertemporal equilibrium model with internationally mobile capital. We ... -
Environmental tax reform and producer foresight : an intertemporal computable general equilibrium analysis
Bye, Brita (Discussion Papers;No. 185, Working paper, 1996)This paper analyses the non-environmental welfare costs of an environmental tax reform using a numerical intertemporal general equilibrium model for the Norwegian economy. The tax reform is revenue neutral such that an ... -
Growth policy in a small, open economy : domestic innovation and learning from abroad
Bye, Brita; Fæhn, Taran; Grünfeld, Leo A. (Discussion Papers;572, Working paper, 2008)Research and development (R&D) play a pivotal role for innovation and productivity growth, and knowledge spillovers can make the case for public support to private R&D. In small and open economies, absorption of foreign ... -
Innovative and absorptive capacity effects of education in a small open economy
Bye, Brita; Fæhn, Taran (Discussion papers;694, Working paper, 2012-06)Evidence points to relatively low supply elasticities for workers skilled for research and development (R&D), which can hamper innovation and growth. Increasing the supply of R&D skills will expand an economy's innovative ... -
Labour market rigidities and environmental tax reforms : welfare effects of different regimes
Bye, Brita (Discussion Papers;No. 242, Working paper, 1998)The working of the labour market is important for the total welfare effects of tax reforms. This paper analyses, by using a computable general equilibrium model for the Norwegian economy, how different assumptions about ... -
Modelling consumers' energy demand
Bye, Brita (Discussion Paper;No. 68, Working paper, 1992-03)The modelling of consumers demand for energy in a general consumer demand system is discussed. Electricity, fuel-oil, the stock of electricity using durables and housing are assumed to be separable from other consumer ... -
On general versus emission saving R&D support
Bye, Brita; Jacobsen, Karl (Discussion Papers;584, Working paper, 2009)We analyse welfare effects of supporting general versus emission saving technological development when carbon emissions are regulated by a carbon tax. We use a computable general equilibrium model with induced technological ... -
Output-based rebating of carbon taxes in the neighbor’s backyard. Competitiveness, leakage and welfare
Böhringer, Christoph; Bye, Brita; Fæhn, Taran; Rosendahl, Knut Einar (Discussion papers;783, Working paper, 2014-06)We investigate how carbon taxes combined with output-based rebating (OBR) in an open economy perform in interaction with the carbon policies of a large neighboring trading partner. Analytical results suggest that whether ... -
Residential energy efficiency and European carbon policies: A CGE-analysis with bottom-up information on energy efficiency technologies
Bye, Brita; Fæhn, Taran; Rosnes, Orvika (Discussion papers;817, Working paper, 2015-08)While the introduction and reformation of climate policy instruments take place rapidly in Europe, the knowledge on how the instruments interact lags behind. In this paper we analyse different interpretations of the 2030 ... -
The road to a low emission society: Costs of interacting climate regulations
Bye, Brita; Kaushal, Kevin R.; Rosnes, Orvika; Turner, Karen; Yonezawa, Hidemichi (Discussion Paper;No. 972, Working paper, 2021-12)Transportation is one of the main contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. Climate regulations on transportation are often a mix of sector-specific regulations and economy-wide measures (such as emission pricing). In this ... -
SIMEN. Studies of industry, environment and energy towards 2000
Bye, Brita; Bye, Torstein; Lorentsen, Lorents (Discussion Paper;No. 44, Working paper, 1989-08)This paper describes an attempt to analyze the question of how to control air pollution, without hampering further economic growth. The analytical framework is a macroeconomic planning model, extended with a submodel for ... -
Targeted carbon tariffs: Carbon leakage and welfare effects
Böhringer, Christoph; Bye, Brita; Fæhn, Taran; Rosendahl, Knut Einar (Discussion papers;805, Working paper, 2015-03)Climate effects of unilateral carbon policies are undermined by carbon leakage. To counteract leakage and increase global cost-effectiveness carbon tariffs can be imposed on the emissions embodied in imports from non-regulating ... -
Taxation, unemployment and growth: dynamic welfare effects of "green" policies
Bye, Brita (Discussion Papers;No. 183, Working paper, 1996)This paper analyses the effects of so-called "green" tax reforms on a small, open economy producing an imperfect substitute for foreign goods, using an intertemporal general equilibrium model. The labour market is characterised ... -
The impact of public R&D support on firms’ patenting
Bye, Brita; Klemetsen, Marit Elisabeth; Raknerud, Arvid (Discussion papers;911, Working paper, 2019-07)We examine the impact of both R&D tax credits and direct R&D subsidies on Norwegian firms' patenting. Whereas direct subsidies are aimed at projects with low private and high social return, tax credits do not discriminate ... -
The impacts of alternative policy instruments on environmental performance. A firm level study of temporary and persistent effects
Bye, Brita; Klemetsen, Marit Elisabeth (Discussion papers;788, Working paper, 2014-10)We study the effects of various environmental regulations on environmental performance measured as emission intensity. Moreover, we aim to test whether any such effects are persistent or only temporary. Conventional theory ... -
The welfare effects of carbon policies: grandfathered quotas versus differentiated taxes
Bye, Brita; Nyborg, Karine (Discussion Papers;No. 261, Working paper, 1999)Recently, it has been demonstrated that pre-existing distortionary taxes can substantially increase the costs of market-based instruments which do not raise revenue, such as non-auctioned emissions quotas. Revenue-raising ... -
The welfare effects of housing taxation in a distorted economy: A general equilibrium analysis
Bye, Brita; Åvitsland, Turid (Discussion Papers;No. 306, Working paper, 2001)Abstract: Efficient capital taxation has been one of the most important objectives for large tax reforms implemented in several countries during the last decades. The Norwegian Tax reform of 1992 took a large step towards ...