Browsing Discussion Papers by Title
Now showing items 517-536 of 1002
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Macroeconomic effects of proposed pension reforms in Norway
(Discussion Papers;No. 417, Working paper, 2005)Abstract: Ageing combined with generous welfare state schemes makes the present fiscal policy in Norway unsustainable, despite large government petroleum revenues. We estimate to what extent two suggested reforms of the ... -
Macroeconomic modelling: The Norwegian experience
(Discussion Paper;No. 57, Working paper, 1991-02)This paper describes the institutional background of Norwegian large scale macroeconometric modelbuilding. Such models were in general subject of harsh criticism during the 1970s. We discuss how modelbuilders in Norway . ... -
Macroeconomic shocks and the probability of being employed
(Discussion Papers;675, Working paper, 2012)Macroeconomic theories take polar views on the importance of choice versus chance. At the micro level, it seems realistic to assume that both dimensions play a role for individual employment outcomes, although it might ... -
Macroeconomic shocks and the probability of being employed
(Discussion papers;675, Working paper, 1-01)Macroeconomic theories take polar views on the importance of choice versus chance. At the micro level, it seems realistic to assume that both dimensions play a role for individual employment outcomes, although it might be ... -
Macroeconomic stability or cycles : the role of the wage-price spiral
(Discussion Papers;No. 625, Working paper, 2010)Abstract: We derive aggregate supply (AS) relationships for an intermediate-run macro model.The wage-price spiral provides the conceptual framework for a synthesis of different contesting theoretical and empirical perspectives ... -
Maize trade liberalization vs. fertilizer subsidies in Tanzania : a CGE model analysis with endogenous soil fertility
(Discussion Papers;No. 249, Working paper, 1999)This paper presents an analysis on economy-environmental interlinkages for Tanzania by using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model based on a social accounting matrix. The purpose of the analysis is to include general ... -
Making Sen’s capability approach operational. A random scale framework
(Discussion papers;710, Working paper, 2012-10)Amartya Sen has developed the so-called capability approach to meet the criticism that income alone may be insufficient as a measure of economic inequality. This is because knowledge about people’s income does not tell us ... -
The marginal (opportunity) cost of public funds
(Discussion Paper;No. 925, Working paper, 2020-04)Several studies show cases where the Samuelson rule holds, or where the marginal cost of public funds (MCF) equals one within optimized tax systems. The conditions for the original Samuelson rule to hold in these studies ... -
Marginal compensated effects and the slutsky equation for discrete choice models
(Discussion Paper;No. 930, Working paper, 2020-05)In many instances the consumer faces choice settings where the alternatives are discrete. Examples include choice between variants of differentiated products, urban transportation modes, residential locations, types of ... -
The marginal cost of funds in the presence of external effects
(Discussion Paper;No. 99, Working paper, 1993-08)The Marginal Cost of Funds (MCF) is useful in cost-benefit and tax reform analysis. This paper presents general equilibrium estimates of the MCF in an economy with environmental external effects. Environmental externalities ... -
The marginal cost of public funds: A comment on the literature
(Discussion Paper;No. 63, Working paper, 1991-06)The paper derives formulas for the marginal cost of public funds in a general equilibrium model. The MCF depends on how expenditure is financed, and the paper goes through a wide range of possibilities. Special emphasis ... -
Marginal indirect tax reform analysis with merit good arguments and environmental concerns: Norway, 1999
(Discussion Papers;No. 455, Working paper, 2006)Abstract: We present a framework to identify and evaluate marginal tax reforms when merit good arguments and environmental concerns are given explicit consideration. It is applied to the Norwegian indirect tax system ... -
Market power, international CO2 taxation and petroleum wealth
(Discussion Papers;No. 170, Working paper, 1996)This paper studies the effects on fossil fuel prices, extraction paths and petroleum wealth of an international carbon tax on fossil fuel consumption. We present an intertemporal equilibrium model for fossil fuels, where ... -
Markets where buyers also are sellers : how realized home equity may work as an accelerator of house prices
(Discussion Papers;No. 618, Working paper, 2010)Abstract: The house price level is a function of buyers’ realized home equity, and buyers’ realized home equity is a function of the house price level. This interdependence follows from the fact that buyers are sellers ... -
Markov Chain generated profile likelihood inference under generalized proportional to size non-ignorable non-response
(Discussion Papers;No. 274, Working paper, 2000)We apply two non-ignorable non-response models to the data of the Norwegian Labour Force Survey, the Fertility Survey and the Alveolar Bone Loss Survey. Both models focus on the marginal effect which the object variable ... -
Markov chains generated by maximizing components of multidimensional extremal processes
(Discussion Papers;No. 12, Working paper, 1985)A multidimensional inhomogenous extremal process is defined and it is demonstrated that it belongs to the class of pure jump Markov processes. Let {Z.(t)} be the j-th component of the process. Let {J(t)} be a finite state ... -
Marriage before children? First family formation among the children of immigrants in Norway
(Discussion Paper;No. 973, Working paper, 2021-12)Differences in the timing and pathway into family life provide insights into the social distance between majority and immigrant-background groups. Increasing similarity in these processes across immigrant generations may ... -
Match quality in housing transactions. What can we learn from comparing buyers and sellers?
(Discussion Papers;No. 865, Working paper, 2017-10-02)Match quality, the part of housing value to the buyer which is unique for each buyer-house match, is important in several housing market matching models, but measuring it is difficult for an econ-ometrician. I suggest ... -
Material accounting in a macroeconomic framework forecast of waste generated in manufacturing industries in Norway
(Discussion Papers;No. 236, Working paper, 1998)This paper analyses the generation of waste in production processes, based on the physical law of conservation of mass. By this law, mass going into a production process must equal the mass coming out of the same process. ... -
Maternal employment in Norway. A parity-specific analysis of the return to full-time and part-time work after birth
(Discussion papers;142, Working paper, 1995-03)This paper analyzes the (reentry of Norwegian mothers into full-time and part-time employment following the first and second birth. Based on theories of job search and human capital depreciation and appreciation a ...