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Identification, estimation and testing in Panel Data Models with attrition : the role of the Missing at Random Assumption
(Discussion Papers;No. 330, Working paper, 2002)Abstract: This paper discusses identification, estimation and testing in panel data models with attrition. We focus on a situation which often occurs in the analysis of firms: Attrition (exit) is endogenous and depends ... -
Identifying fertility contagion using random fertility shocks
(Discussion Papers;No. 861, Working paper, 2017-06-13)Does the fertility behavior of one individual affect the fertility choices of another? This study aims to estimate fertility contagion net of unobserved heterogeneity, using sibling networks as an empirical example. Fertility ... -
Identifying structural breaks in cointegrated VAR models
(Discussion Papers;No. 422, Working paper, 2005)Abstract: The paper describes a procedure for decomposing the deterministic terms in cointegrated VAR models into growth rate parameters and cointegration mean parameters. These parameters express long-run properties of ... -
Identifying the elasticity of substitution between capital and labour: a pooled GMM panel estimator
(Discussion Paper;No. 976, Working paper, 2022-03)Simultaneity represents a fundamental problem when estimating the elasticity of substitution between capital and labour. To overcome this problem, a wide variety of external instruments has been applied in the literature. ... -
Identifying the sector bias of technical change
(Discussion papers;795, Working paper, 2015-01)The empirical literature studying the sector bias of technical change has only focused on skill-biased technical change. In this paper, I analyse the sector bias of both factor-neutral and factor-biased technical change. ... -
Immigrant skills and employment. Cross-country evidence from the Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey
(Discussion papers;730, Working paper, 2013-01)This paper studies the distributions of literacy skills, education, and employment of immigrants and natives in three host countries: Canada, the United States, and Norway. For natives, we uncover remarkably stable relations ... -
Immigration and the Dutch disease. A counterfactual analysis of the Norwegian resource boom 2004-2013
(Discussion Papers;No. 860, Working paper, 2017-06-15)The EU-enlargement in 2004 increased labour migration and affected the Norwegian labour market in particular. We study how this modified the Dutch disease effects during the resource boom 2004- 2013. In the Norwegian ... -
Immigration to Norway 1969-2010 : effects of policies and EEA membership
(Discussion papers;No. 687, Working paper, 2012)We examine how changes to regulations and the economic conditions have influenced gross immigration to Norway from, in principle, all countries in the world during 1969– 2010. In line with existing studies of immigration ... -
Impacts of hospital wait time on patient health and labor supply
(Discussion papers;919, Working paper, 2019-11)We estimate the effects of wait time for orthopedic surgery on health and labor market outcomes of Norwegian workers. Our identification strategy exploits variation in wait times for surgery generated by the idiosyncratic ... -
Imperfect competition, compensating differentials and rent sharing in the U.S. labor market
(Discussion papers;918, Working paper, 2019-10)The primary goal of our paper is to quantify the importance of imperfect competition in the U.S. labor market by estimating the size of rents earned by American firms and workers from ongoing employment relationships. To ... -
Imperfect competition, sequential auctions, and emissions trading: An experimental evaluation
(Discussion Papers;No. 280, Working paper, 2000)This paper reports an experiment that studies the behavior of a monopolist on sequential auction markets for tradable permits. Using six sessions in a triple ABA crossover design, we investigate the cost-effectiveness of ... -
Implementation of the Kyoto Protocol without Russian participation
(Discussion Papers;No. 376, Working paper, 2004)Abstract: All Annex B parties but Russia, Australia and USA, have ratified the Kyoto Protocol so far. It is still an open question whether Russia will ratify and secure that the Protocol enters into force. This ... -
Implementing the EU renewable target through green certificate markets
(Discussion papers;No. 630, Working paper, 2010)Abstract: The EU Parliament has agreed on a target of a 20 % share of renewables in the EU’s total energy consumption by 2020. To achieve the target, the Council has adopted mandatory differentiated national targets for ... -
Import price formation and pricing to market: A test on Norwegian data
(Discussion Papers;No. 157, Working paper, 1995)This paper investigates the determinants of Norwegian import prices of manufactures over the period 1970(1) - 1991(4). Multivariate cointegration analysis establishes a long-run relationship between import prices, foreign ... -
The importance of escape clauses: Firm response to thin capitalization rules
(Discussion Paper;No. 998, Working paper, 2023-02)Escape clauses, where small firms are exempt from particular tax rules, is a crucial feature of a number of corporate tax schemes, but creates incentives to avoid taxation by manipulating the measures that determine ... -
Improving educational pathways to social mobility. Evidence from Norway’s “Reform 94”
(Discussion papers;916, Working paper, 2019-09)High school vocational education has a controversial history in the United States, largely due to a perceived tradeoff between teaching readily deployable occupational skills versus shunting mostly disadvantaged students ... -
Imputing consumption from Norwegian income and wealth registry data
(Discussion Papers;No. 831, Working paper, 2015-12-15)This paper documents a method for computing a longitudinal consumption measure for Norwegian households from administrative records of income and wealth. Data on consumption expenditure of the household is essential in ... -
Incentives and quota prices in an emission trading scheme with updating
(Discussion Papers;No. 495, Working paper, 2007)Abstract: Emission trading schemes where allocations are based on updated baseline emissions give firms less incentives to reduce emissions. Nevertheless, according to Böhringer and Lange (2005a), such allocation schemes ... -
Incentives for merger in a noncompetitive permit market
(Discussion Papers;No. 568, Working paper, 2008)Abstract: A group of small competitive permits traders facing an imperfectly competitive permit market may consider cooperation (merger) to act strategically in the permit market. It is a well-known result in the literature ... -
Incentives to invest in abatement technology : a tax versus emissions trading under imperfect competition
(Discussion Papers;606, Working paper, 2010)In the longer run, effects on R&D and the implementation of advanced abatement technology may be at least as important as short-run cost effectiveness when we evaluate public environmental policy. In this paper, we show ...